{"id":39719,"date":"2025-03-20T14:06:54","date_gmt":"2025-03-20T19:06:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nazarene.org\/%ec%97%ad%ec%82%ac%ec%a0%81-%ec%84%b1%eb%aa%85%ec%84%9c\/"},"modified":"2025-06-10T03:01:34","modified_gmt":"2025-06-10T08:01:34","slug":"%ec%97%ad%ec%82%ac%ec%a0%81-%ec%84%b1%eb%aa%85%ec%84%9c","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/nazarene.org\/ko\/%ec%97%ad%ec%82%ac%ec%a0%81-%ec%84%b1%eb%aa%85%ec%84%9c\/","title":{"rendered":"\uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc131\uba85\uc11c"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"39719\" class=\"elementor elementor-39719 elementor-21485\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3afea2b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3afea2b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M190.5 66.9l22.2-22.2c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L441 239c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L246.6 467.3c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.2-22.2c-9.5-9.5-9.3-25 .4-34.3L311.4 296H24c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24v-32c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h287.4L190.9 101.2c-9.8-9.3-10-24.8-.4-34.3z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-810eeb4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"810eeb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"layout__region layout__region--left flex-1-1 flex-grow-0 xl-flex-4-5\"><div class=\"block__wysiwyg\" data-layout-content-preview-placeholder-label=\"\" content=\"\" block=\"\"><div class=\"styles-wrapper-3d02c920-b2aa-4ffb-8542-170e856e5685\"><section class=\"wysiwyg\"><div class=\"wysiwyg__content\"><div class=\"flex-container flex-wrap\"><p><span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, 'Noto Sans', sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Noto Color Emoji';\">\ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc758 \u201c\ud558\ub098, \uac70\ub8e9\ud558\uace0, \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc801\uc774\uba70, \uc0ac\ub3c4\uc801\u201d \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc9c0\uc810\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ubc31\ud558\uba70, \uad6c\uc57d\uacfc \uc2e0\uc57d\uc5d0 \uae30\ub85d\ub41c \ud558\ub098\ub2d8\uc758 \ubc31\uc131\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc758 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud45c\ud604\uc5d0 \uae30\ub85d\ub41c 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\u201c\ubc34\ub4dc\u201d\ub85c \uc54c\ub824\uc9c4 \uc9c4\uc9c0\ud55c \uc81c\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc11c\ud074\uc774 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6e8\uc2ac\ub9ac\uc548 \ubd80\ud765\uc758 \uc2e0\ud559\uc801\uc778 \ub79c\ub4dc\ub9c8\ud06c\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2e0\uc559\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \uc740\ud61c\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc758\ub86d\ub2e4 ; \uc131\ud654, \ub610\ub294 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \uc644\uc804\ud568, \ub610\ud55c \uc2e0\uc559\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \uc740\ud61c\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uac83; \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc740\ud61c\uc758 \ubcf4\uc99d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc601\uc758 \uc99d\uc5b8\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc874 \uc6e8\uc2ac\ub9ac\uc758 \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \uacf5\ud5cc\uc5d0\ub294 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ud558\ub098\ub2d8\uc758 \uc740\ud61c\ub85c\uc6b4 \uacf5\uae09\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc804\uccb4 \uc131\ud654\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac15\uc870\uac00 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uac15\uc870\ub294 \uc804 \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ud30c\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd81\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74\uc5d0\uc11c \uac10\ub9ac\uad50 \uc131\uacf5\ud68c\ub294 \u201c\ub300\ub959\uc744 \uac1c\ud601\ud558\uace0 \uc774 \ub545\uc5d0 \uc131\uacbd\uc801\uc778 \uac70\ub8e9\ud568\uc744 \uc804\ud30c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\u201d 1784\ub144\uc5d0 \uc870\uc9c1\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p> \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \uac70\ub8e9\ud568\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uac15\uc870\ub294 19\uc138\uae30 \uc911\ubc18\uc5d0 \uac1c\ubc1c\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d \ub9e4\uc0ac\ucd94\uc138\uce20\uc8fc \ubcf4\uc2a4\ud134\uc758 \ud2f0\ubaa8\uc2dc \uba54\ub9ac\ud2b8\ub294 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \uc644\uc804\ud568\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac00\uc774\ub4dc\uc758 \ud3b8\uc9d1\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uace0\ubb34\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d \ub274\uc695\uc2dc \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc758 \ud53c\ube44 \ud314\uba38\ub294 \uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \uc99d\uc9c4\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ud654\uc694\uc77c \ubaa8\uc784\uc744 \uc774\ub04c\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc778\uae30 \uc788\ub294 \uc5f0\uc0ac, \uc791\uac00, \ud3b8\uc9d1\uc790\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1867\ub144, \uac10\ub9ac\uad50 \uc124\uad50\uc790 J. A. \uc6b0\ub4dc, \uc874 \uc778\uc2a4\ud0b5\uacfc \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \ubbf8\uad6d \ub274\uc800\uc9c0\uc8fc \ubc14\uc778\ub79c\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804 \uc138\uacc4\uc758 \uac70\ub8e9\ud568\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc6e8\uc2ac\ub9ac\uc548 \ud0d0\uad6c\ub97c \uc0c8\ub86d\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uae34 \uc77c\ub828\uc758 \uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \ucea0\ud504 \ubaa8\uc784\uc5d0\uc11c \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \uac83\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6e8\uc2ac\ub9ac\uc548 \uac10\ub9ac\uad50\ub3c4, \uc790\uc720 \uac10\ub9ac\uad50\ub3c4, \uad6c\uc138\uad70, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud2b9\uc815 \uba54\ub178\ub098\uc774\ud2b8, \ud615\uc81c, \ud018\uc774\ucee4 \ubaa8\ub450 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \uac70\ub8e9\ud568\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcf5\uc74c\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ub3c5\uc77c, \uc601\uad6d, \uc2a4\uce78\ub514\ub098\ube44\uc544, \uc778\ub3c4, \ud638\uc8fc\ub85c \uc804\ud30c\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\ub098\ub2d8\uc758 \uad50\ud68c(\uc564\ub354\uc2a8, \uc778\ub514\uc560\ub098, \ubbf8\uad6d)\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc5ec \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \uad50\ud68c, \ub3c4\uc2dc \uc120\uad50, \uc120\uad50 \ud611\ud68c\ub294 \uc774 \ub178\ub825\uc5d0\uc11c \uc131\uc7a5\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uc774 \uc911 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \uad50\ud68c\ub85c \uc5f0\ud569\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub824\ub294 \ucda9\ub3d9\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub0ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p><strong>\uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \uc5f0\ud569<\/strong><\/p><p> \ud504\ub808\ub4dc \ud790\ub7ec\ub9ac\ub294 1887\ub144\uc5d0 \uc778\ubbfc\uc758 \ubcf5\uc74c\uc8fc\uc758 \uad50\ud68c(\uc12d\ub9ac, \ub85c\ub4dc\uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc, \ubbf8\uad6d)\ub97c \uc870\uc9c1\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc120\uad50 \uad50\ud68c(\ub9e4\uc0ac\ucd94\uc138\uce20, \ubbf8\uad6d)\ub294 1888\ub144\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub97c \ub530\ub790\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1890\ub144, \uadf8\ub4e4\uacfc \ub2e4\ub978 8\uac1c\uc758 \ub274\uc789\uae00\ub79c\ub4dc \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uc911\uc559 \ubcf5\uc74c\uc8fc\uc758 \uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \ud611\ud68c\ub97c \uacb0\uc131\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc548\ub098 S. \ud55c\uc2a4\ucef4\uc740 1892\ub144\uc5d0 \uc548\uc218\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \ud608\ud1b5\uc5d0\uc11c \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc5ec\uc131 \ubaa9\uc0ac\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1894-1895\ub144, \uc70c\ub9ac\uc5c4 \ud558\uc6cc\ub4dc \ud6c4\ud50c\uc740 \ubbf8\uad6d \ub274\uc695\uc758 \ube0c\ub8e8\ud074\ub9b0\uc5d0\uc11c 3\uac1c\uc758 \uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \ud68c\uc911\uc744 \uc870\uc9c1\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \ubbf8\uad6d \uc624\uc21c\uc808 \uad50\ud68c \ud611\ud68c\ub97c \uc124\ub9bd\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201c\uc624\uc21c\uc808\u201d\uc740 \uc774\ub4e4\uacfc \ub2e4\ub978 \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \ucc3d\ub9bd\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \u201c\uac70\ub8e9\ud568\u201d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub3d9\uc758\uc5b4\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud790\ub7ec\ub9ac\uc640 \ud6c4\ud50c\uc758 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc740 1896\ub144\uc5d0 \ud569\ubcd1\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc778\ub3c4(1899\ub144)\uc640 \uce74\ubcf4\ubca0\ub974\ub370(1901\ub144)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc5ed\uc744 \uc124\ub9bd\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uc120\uad50 \uc784\uc6d0 \ud558\uc774\ub78c \ub808\uc774\ub180\ub4dc\ub294 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud68c\uc911\uc744 \uc870\uc9c1\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4(1902\ub144). \uc774 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc740 1907\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \ub178\ubc14 \uc2a4\ucf54\uc0e4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubbf8\uad6d \uc544\uc774\uc624\uc640\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p> \ub85c\ubc84\ud2b8 \ub9ac \ud574\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub294 1894\ub144 \ubbf8\uad6d \ud14c\ub124\uc2dc\uc8fc \ubc00\ub77c\ub178\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc758 \uc2e0\uc57d \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uc870\uc9c1\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \ubbf8\ub9dd\uc778\uc778 \uba54\ub9ac \ub9ac \uce74\uae00\uc740 1895\ub144 \ubbf8\uad6d \ud14d\uc0ac\uc2a4 \uc11c\ubd80\uc5d0 \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \uc804\ud30c\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. C. B. \uc800\ub2c8\uac74\uc740 1901\ub144 \ubbf8\uad6d \ud14d\uc0ac\uc2a4\uc8fc \ubc34 \uc54c\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc778 \uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uc870\uc9c1\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \ubbf8\uad6d \ud14d\uc0ac\uc2a4\uc8fc \ub77c\uc774\uc9d5 \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc5d0\uc11c \ud569\ubcd1(1904\ub144)\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc758 \uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1908\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc774 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc740 \ubbf8\uad6d \uc870\uc9c0\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \ubbf8\uad6d \ub274\uba55\uc2dc\ucf54\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubed7\uc5b4 \ub098\uac14\uc73c\uba70, \ucd94\ubc29\uc790\uc640 \uac00\ub09c\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0ac\uc5ed\ud558\uace0, \uace0\uc544\uc640 \ubbf8\ud63c \uc5b4\uba38\ub2c8\ub97c \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud558\uace0, \uc778\ub3c4\uc640 \uc77c\ubcf8\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc0ac\uc5ed\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p>\ud53c\ub2c8\uc5b4\uc2a4 F. \ube0c\ub808\uc2dc\uc640 \uc870\uc149 P. \uc704\ub4dc\ub2c8\ub294 \uc57d 100\uba85\uc758 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0ac\ub78c\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 1895\ub144 \ubbf8\uad6d \uce98\ub9ac\ud3ec\ub2c8\uc544\uc8fc \ub85c\uc2a4\uc564\uc824\ub808\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uc870\uc9c1\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc2e0\uc559\uc73c\ub85c \uc131\ud654\ub41c \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc758 \ubaa8\ubc94\uc744 \ub530\ub974\uace0 \uac00\ub09c\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf5\uc74c\uc744 \uc804\ud30c\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uacfc \ub3c8\uc774 \uc601\ud63c\uc758 \uad6c\uc6d0\uacfc \uac00\ub09c\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \uad6c\uc6d0\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc0ac\uc5ed\uc5d0 \uae30\ubd80\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubbff\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uc8fc\ub85c \ubbf8\uad6d \uc11c\ubd80 \ud574\uc548\uc744 \ub530\ub77c \ud37c\uc84c\uc73c\uba70, \ub85d\ud0a4 \uc0b0\ub9e5 \ub3d9\ucabd\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80 \ud68c\uc911\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ubbf8\uad6d \uc77c\ub9ac\ub178\uc774\uc8fc\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud37c\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc778\ub3c4 \uce98\ucee4\ud0c0\uc758 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc \uc120\uad50\ub97c \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p> 1907\ub144 10\uc6d4, \ubbf8\uad6d \uc624\uc21c\uc808 \uad50\ud68c \ud611\ud68c\uc640 \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \ubbf8\uad6d \uc77c\ub9ac\ub178\uc774\uc8fc \uc2dc\uce74\uace0\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc18c\uc9d1\ud558\uc5ec \uac10\ub3c5\uc9c1\uacfc \ud68c\uc911\uc758 \uad8c\ub9ac\uc640 \uade0\ud615\uc744 \ub9de\ucd94\ub294 \uad50\ud68c \uc815\ubd80\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uad50\uc721\uac10\uc740 \uc124\ub9bd\ub41c \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uc721\uc131\ud558\uace0 \ub3cc\ubcf4\uace0, \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uc870\uc9c1\ud558\uace0 \uaca9\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uc870\uc9c1\ub41c \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc778 \ud589\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uac04\uc12d\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc758 \uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \uad50\ud68c \ub300\ud45c\ub4e4\uc774 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc81c1\ucc28 \ucd1d\ud68c\ub294 \ub450 \uc870\uc9c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc838\uc628 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ucc44\ud0dd\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc989, \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uc624\uc21c\uc808 \uad50\ud68c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ube0c\ub808\uc2dc\uc640 \ub808\uc774\ub180\ub4dc\ub294 \ucd1d\uad50\uc721\uac10\uc73c\ub85c \uc120\ucd9c\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p> 1908\ub144 9\uc6d4, H. G. \ud2b8\ub7fc\ubc14\uc6b0\uc758 \uc9c0\ud718 \ud558\uc5d0 \uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ud39c\uc2e4\ubca0\uc774\ub2c8\uc544 \uc5f0\ud569\uc740 \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uc624\uc21c\uc808 \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uc5f0\ud569\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p> 10\uc6d4, \uc81c2\ucc28 \ucd1d\ud68c\ub294 \ubbf8\uad6d \ud14d\uc0ac\uc2a4\uc8fc \ud30c\uc77c\ub7ff \ud3ec\uc778\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc758 \uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc77c\ubc18 \ud611\uc758\ud68c\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc18c\uc9d1\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 10\uc6d4 13\uc77c \ud654\uc694\uc77c \uc544\uce68, R. B. \ubbf8\ucca8 \uc774\uc0ac\ud588\uace0 C. W. \ub8e8\uc2a4\ub3c4 \u201c\ub450 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc5f0\ud569\uc774 \uc774\uc81c \uc644\uc131\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u201d \ube0c\ub808\uc2dc\ub294 \uc774 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \ub178\ub825\uc744 \uae30\uc6b8\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \uc624\uc804 10\uc2dc 40\ubd84\uc5d0 \ud070 \uc5f4\uc815 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e8\uacb0\ud558\uaca0\ub2e4\ub294 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \ub9cc\uc7a5\uc77c\uce58\ub85c \uc0c1\uc2b9\ud558\ub294 \ud22c\ud45c\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ucc44\ud0dd\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p> J. O. \ub9e5\ud074\ub8e8\uce78\uc774 \uc774\ub044\ub294 \uc624\uc21c\uc808 \uc120\uad50\ub294 1898\ub144 \ubbf8\uad6d \ud14c\ub124\uc2dc\uc8fc \ub0b4\uc288\ube4c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud615\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \ud14c\ub124\uc2dc\uc640 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uc778\uc811 \uc8fc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc628 \uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \ub2e8\uacb0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \ucfe0\ubc14, \uacfc\ud14c\ub9d0\ub77c, \uba55\uc2dc\ucf54, \uc778\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ubaa9\uc0ac\uc640 \uad50\uc0ac\ub97c \ud30c\uacac\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1906\ub144, \uc870\uc9c0 \uc0e4\ud504\ub294 \uc2a4\ucf54\ud2c0\ub79c\ub4dc \uae00\ub798\uc2a4\uace0\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ud30c\ud06c\ud5e4\ub4dc \ud68c\uc911 \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \uac83\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc6e8\uc2ac\ub9ac\uc548 \uad50\ub9ac\ub97c \uc124\uad50\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ud1f4\ucd9c\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud30c\ud06c\ud5e4\ub4dc \uc624\uc21c\uc808 \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \ud615\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \ub2e4\ub978 \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uc870\uc9c1\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc2a4\ucf54\ud2c0\ub79c\ub4dc \uc624\uc21c\uc808 \uad50\ud68c\uac00 1909\ub144\uc5d0 \uc124\ub9bd\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2a4\ucf54\ud2c0\ub79c\ub4dc\uc758 \uc624\uc21c\uc808 \uc120\uad50\uc640 \uc624\uc21c\uc808 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 1915\ub144 \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uc624\uc21c\uc808 \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uc5f0\ud569\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. <\/p><p> \ub2e4\uc12f \ubc88\uc9f8 \ucd1d\ud68c(1919\ub144)\ub294 \uad50\ub2e8\uc758 \uacf5\uc2dd \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uad50\ud68c\ub85c \ubcc0\uacbd\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \u201c\uc624\uc21c\uc808\u201d\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub2e8\uc5b4\uc640 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \uad00\ub828\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p><strong>\uae00\ub85c\ubc8c \uad50\ud68c<\/strong><\/p><p> \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc131\uaca9\uc740 1915\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc5f0\ud569\ud55c \ubd80\ubaa8 \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ud615\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc131\uaca9\uc5d0\ub294 \uad6d\uc81c\uc801\uc778 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uad50\ub2e8\uc740 \ubbf8\uad6d, \uc778\ub3c4, \uce74\ubcf4\ubca0\ub974\ub370, \ucfe0\ubc14, \uce90\ub098\ub2e4, \uba55\uc2dc\ucf54, \uacfc\ud14c\ub9d0\ub77c, \uc77c\ubcf8, \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098, \uc601\uad6d, \uc5d0\uc2a4\uc640\ud2f0\ub2c8, \uc911\uad6d, \ud398\ub8e8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uc870\uc9c1\ub41c \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1930\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \ub0a8\uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74 \uacf5\ud654\uad6d, \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544, \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778, \ubaa8\uc7a0\ube44\ud06c, \ubc14\ubca0\uc774\ub3c4\uc2a4, \ud2b8\ub9ac\ub2c8\ub2e4\ub4dc\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uc5ed \uad50\uc721\uac10\uc778 V. G. \uc0b0\ud2f4(\uba55\uc2dc\ucf54), \uae30\ud0c0\uac00\uc640 \ud788\ub85c\uc2dc(\uc77c\ubcf8), \uc0ac\ubb34\uc5d8 \ubd80\uc9c0\ubc1c(\uc778\ub3c4)\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uad6d\uac00 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uad6d\uc81c\uc801\uc778 \uc131\uaca9\uc740 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uac00\uc785\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ub354\uc6b1 \uac15\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p> 1922\ub144, J. G. \ubaa8\ub9ac\uc2a8\uc740 \ub9ce\uc740 \ud3c9\uc2e0\ub3c4\uc758 \uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \ud611\ud68c \uc77c\uafbc\uacfc \ubbf8\uad6d \ub2e4\ucf54\ud0c0\uc2a4, \ubbf8\uad6d \ubbf8\ub124\uc18c\ud0c0, \ubbf8\uad6d \ubaac\ud0dc\ub098\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 1,000\uba85 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ud68c\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc744 \uad50\ud68c\ub85c \uc778\ub3c4\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. A. A. E. \ubc84\uadf8\uac00 \uc9c0\ud718\ud558\ub294 \ud638\uc8fc\uc758 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 1945\ub144\uc5d0 \uc5f0\ud569\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc54c\ud504\ub808\ub3c4 \ub378 \ub85c\uc18c\ub294 1948\ub144\uc5d0 \uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544 \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uad50\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ub3c4\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud5e4\ud504\uc9c0\ubc14 \uc2e0\uc559 \uc120\uad50 \ud611\ud68c\uc758 \ub0a8\uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74 \uc0ac\uc5ed\uacfc \ubbf8\uad6d \uc544\uc774\uc624\uc640\uc8fc \ud0c0\ubcf4\ub974\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc13c\ud130\ub294 1950\ub144\uacbd \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uc0ac\ub78c\uacfc \uc5f0\ud569\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p> 1907\ub144 \ub370\uc774\ube44\ub4dc \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc601\uad6d \ub7f0\ub358\uc5d0\uc11c \uc124\ub9bd\ub41c \uad6d\uc81c \uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \uc120\uad50\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ube44\ub4dc \uc874\uc2a4\uc758 \uc9c0\ud718 \uc544\ub798 \ub0a8\uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uc5d0\uc11c \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud55c \uc0ac\uc5ed\uc744 \ubc1c\uc804\uc2dc\ucf30\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \ud68c\uc911\uc740 1948\ub144 \ubcf5\uc74c\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\ub0a8\uc218\uc758 \uac10\ub3c5 \uc544\ub798 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc870\uc9c1\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1952\ub144, J. B. \ub9e5\ub77c\uac74\uc758 \uc9c0\ud718 \ud558\uc5d0 \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc0ac\uc5ed\uc740 \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uc0ac\ub78c\uacfc \uc5f0\ud569\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uba54\uc774\ub098\ub4dc \uc81c\uc784\uc2a4\uc640 \uc7ad \ud3ec\ub4dc\ub294 1934\ub144 \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uac08\ubc14\ub9ac \uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uc124\ub9bd\ud588\uc73c\uba70, 1955\ub144 \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uc0ac\ub78c\uacfc \uc5f0\ud569\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1918\ub144 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc628\ud0c0\ub9ac\uc624\uc5d0\uc11c \ud504\ub7ad\ud06c \uace0\ud504\uac00 \uc870\uc9c1\ud55c \ubcf5\uc74c \uc0ac\uc5ed\uc790 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 1958\ub144 \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0 \uac00\uc785\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub098\uc774\uc9c0\ub9ac\uc544\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 1940\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \ud1a0\ucc29 \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uacb0\uc131\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uc608\ub808\ubbf8\uc57c U. \uc5d0\uce74\uc774\ub380\uc758 \uc9c0\ud718 \ud558\uc5d0\uc11c 1988\ub144 \uad6d\uc81c \uae30\uad6c\uc640 \uc5f0\ud569\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p> \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uac1c\uc2e0\uad50 \uaddc\ubc94\uacfc \ub2e4\ub978 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc758\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac1c\ubc1c\ud574 \uc654\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1976\ub144, \uad50\ub2e8\uc758 \ubbf8\ub798 \ud615\ud0dc\ub97c \uc870\uc0ac\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc5f0\uad6c \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uac00 \uc81c\uae30\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1980\ub144\ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc6d0\uce59\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uad6d\uc81c\ud654\ub97c \uad8c\uc7a5\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uccab\uc9f8, \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uc9c0\uad6c\uac00 \uc804 \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \u201c\uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ubb38\ud654\uc801 \ub9e5\ub77d \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc644\uc804\ud55c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc784\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uc2e0\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc804 \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc778 \uce5c\uad50\u201d\ub97c \uad6c\uc131\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub458\uc9f8, \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \u201c\ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \uc0ac\uba85\u201d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacf5\ud1b5\uc758 \ud5cc\uc2e0\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc989, \u201c\uc131\uacbd\uc801\uc778 \uac70\ub8e9\ud568\uc744 \uc804\ud30c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\u201d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacf5\ud1b5\uc758 \ud5cc\uc2e0\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u2026 \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc744 \ub300\ud45c\ud558\ub294 \ud611\uc0c1 \ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \ud575\uc2ec\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ud575\uc2ec \uc694\uc18c\ub85c\uc11c.\u201d<\/p><p> 1980\ub144 \ucd1d\ud68c\ub294 \uc2e0\uc559 \uc870\ud56d\uc744 \ub458\ub7ec\uc2fc \u201c\uad6d\uc81c \uc2e0\ud559\uc801 \ud1b5\uc77c\uc131\u201d\uc744 \uc218\uc6a9\ud558\uace0, \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc0ac\uc5ed\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc2e0\ud559 \ud6c8\ub828\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uac01 \uc138\uacc4 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uc2e0\ud559 \uad50\uc721 \uae30\uad00\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc801\uc808\ud55c \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \ucd09\uad6c\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \ub2e8\uc77c \uc5f0\uacb0\uc758 \ud2c0 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uad6d\uc81c\uc801\uc778 \uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \uce5c\uad50\ub85c \uc131\uc219\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc18c\ud658\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \uc774 \ud2c0 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ubbfc\uc871\uacfc \uad6d\uac00\ub97c \u201c\uac15\ud558\uace0 \uc57d\ud558\uba70, \uae30\ubd80\uc790\uc640 \uc218\ud61c\uc790\u201d\ub77c\ub294 \uce21\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \ud3c9\uac00\ud588\ub358 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0 \uc815\uc2e0\uc774 \u201c\uc138\uc0c1\uc744 \ubcf4\ub294 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubc29\uc2dd, \uc989 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud30c\ud2b8\ub108\uc758 \uac15\uc810\uacfc \ud3c9\ub4f1\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\u201d\uc73c\ub85c \uae38\uc744 \ub0b4\ub193\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\uc8fc: 20\ucc28 \ucd1d\ud68c \uc800\ub110, \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc800\ub110, (1980\ub144): 232. \ud504\ub7ad\ud074\ub9b0 \ucfe1, \uad6d\uc81c\uc801\uc778 \ucc28\uc6d0(1984): 49.<\/p><p> \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uac1c\uc2e0\uad50 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \uc131\uc7a5 \ud328\ud134\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1998\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uc0ac\ub78c\uc758 \uc808\ubc18\uc774 \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \ubbf8\uad6d\uacfc \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc73c\uba70, 2001\ub144 \ucd1d\ud68c\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc11d\ud55c \ub300\ud45c\uc758 41%\uac00 \uc601\uc5b4\ub97c \uc81c2 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub85c \ub9d0\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc804\ud600 \ub9d0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uce74\ubcf4\ubca0\ub974\ub370\uc758 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uc778\uc778 \uc5d0\uc6b0\uc81c\ub2c8\uc624 R. \ub450\uc544\ub974\ud14c\ub294 2009\ub144 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ucd1d\uad50\uc721\uac10 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub85c \uc120\ucd9c\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2013\ub144, \uc911\uc559\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74\uc778, \uacfc\ud14c\ub9d0\ub77c\uc758 \uad6c\uc2a4\ud0c0\ubcf4 A. \ud06c\ub85c\ucee4\uac00 \ucd1d\uad50\uc721\uac10\uc73c\ub85c \uc120\ucd9c\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2017\ub144, \ubaa8\uc7a0\ube44\ud06c \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc758 \ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uc778\uc778 \ud544\ub9ac\ub9c8\uc624 M. \ucc54\ubcf4\ub3c4 \ucd1d\uad50\uc721\uac10\uc73c\ub85c \uc120\ucd9c\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \ucd1d\uad50\uc721\uac10 \uc774\uc0ac\ud68c \ud68c\uc6d0\uc758 \uc808\ubc18 \uc774\uc0c1\uc774 \ubd81\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uc774\uc678\uc758 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub098\uace0 \uc790\ub780 \uac1c\uc778\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2023\ub144, \ub0a8\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74\uc778, \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544\uc758 \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2f0\uc548 D. \uc0ac\ub974\ubbf8\uc5d4\ud1a0\uac00 \ucd1d\uad50\uc721\uac10\uc73c\ub85c \uc120\ucd9c\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2022\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uae00\ub85c\ubc8c 6\uac1c \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 501\uac1c \uc9c0\uc5ed\uacfc \uc138\uacc4 164\uac1c \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uac1c\ucc99\uc790 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0 260\ub9cc \uba85\uc758 \ud68c\uc6d0\uc744 \ubcf4\uc720\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p> \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \ucc98\uc74c\ubd80\ud130 \ubaa9\uc0ac, \ubcf5\uc74c\uad50\uc0ac, \uad50\uc721\uc790, \uc2e0\ud559\uc790, \uad00\ub9ac\uc790, \uc9c0\uc5ed \uad50\uc721\uac10, \ucd1d\uad50\uc721\uac10\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc5ed \ub9ac\ub354\uc2ed\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc7a5\uc18c\uc5d0 \uc120\ucd9c\ub418\uace0 \uc784\uba85\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc5ec\uc131\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc778 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub97c \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud574 \uc654\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2005\ub144, \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uc120\uad50 \uc778\ud130\ub0b4\uc154\ub110\uc758 \uae00\ub85c\ubc8c \uc774\uc0ac\ub85c \ubd09\uc0ac\ud55c \ub2c8\ub098 G. \uad70\ud130\ub294 \uc120\ucd9c\ub41c \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \uc5ec\uc131 \ucd1d\uad50\uc721\uac10\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2017\ub144, \ub3c5\uc77c\uc758 \uac1c\ucc99\uc790 \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub0ac\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8 \uc790\uc2e0\uc740 \uad6c \uc18c\ub828\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub0a8\ud3b8\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uac1c\ucc99\uc790 \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\uc600\ub358 \uce7c\ub77c D. \uc120\ubc84\uadf8(Carla D. Sunberg)\ub294 2017\ub144, \uc120\ucd9c\ub41c \ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc5ec\uc131 \ucd1d\uad50\uc721\uac10\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p><strong>\uad6d\uc81c \uc0ac\uc5ed\uc758 \uace0\uc720\ud55c<\/strong><\/p><p> \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uc804\ub7b5 \uc0ac\uc5ed\uc740 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf5\uc74c \uc804\ub3c4, \uc0ac\ud68c \uc0ac\uc5ed, \uad50\uc721\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ubb38\ud654 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\uc640 \uc218\ucc9c \uba85\uc758 \uc9c0\uc5ed \ubaa9\uc0ac\uc640 \ud3c9\uc2e0\ub3c4 \uc77c\uafbc\uc758 \uc0c1\ud638 \ud611\ub825\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ubc88\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uac01\uac01\uc758 \ubb38\ud654 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6e8\uc2ac\ub9ac\uc548 \uc6d0\uce59\uc744 \ud1a0\ucc29\ud654\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p> \ubcf5\uc74c\ud654. \ud788\ub78c F. \ub808\uc774\ub180\ub4dc\ub294 \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uc774\ubb38\ud654 \uc0ac\uc5ed\uc744 \uc124\ub9bd\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc804\ub7b5\uc801\uc778 \uc131\uaca9\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucd1d\uad50\uc721\uac10\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c 25\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548, \uadf8\uc758 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uc639\ud638\ub294 \uc120\uad50\ub97c \uad50\ub2e8\uc758 \uc6b0\uc120 \uc21c\uc704\ub85c \ub04c\uc5b4\uc62c\ub9ac\ub294 \ub370 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1915\ub144 \uc774\ub798\ub85c \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uc120\uad50 \uc778\ud130\ub0b4\uc154\ub110(\uc6d0\ub798\ub294 \uc5ec\uc131 \uc120\uad50 \uc0ac\ud68c)\uc740 \uae30\uae08\uc744 \ubaa8\uae08\ud558\uace0 \uc804 \uc138\uacc4 \ud68c\uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uc120\uad50 \uad50\uc721\uc744 \uc7a5\ub824\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac00\uc815 \uc120\uad50\ub294 \ubd81\ubbf8 \ubcf5\uc74c\ud654\uc758 \uc911\uc2ec \ubd80\ubd84\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uad6d\uac00 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac \uc874 \ub514\uc544\uc2a4(\uce74\ubcf4\ubca0\ub974\ub370), \uc0b0\ud1a0\uc2a4 \uc5d8\ub9ac\uc874\ub3c4(\uba55\uc2dc\ucf54), \uc0ac\ubb34\uc5d8 \ud06c\ub9ac\ucf54\ub9ac\uc548(\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778), J. I. \ub098\uac00\ub9c8\uce20(\uc77c\ubcf8), \uc815\ub0a8\uc218(\ud55c\uad6d)\ub294 \uac1c\ucc99\uc790 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc601\ud63c\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc138\uae30 \uc911\ubc18 \uc2ed\uc790\uad70\uc740 \uc81c2\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4 \ub300\uc804 \ud6c4 \uc138\uacc4 \ubcf5\uc74c\ud654\ub97c \ud5a5\ud574 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub97c \uc774\ub04c\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac00\uc815 \uc120\uad50\ub294 \ubd81\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74\uc5d0\uc11c \ud655\uc7a5\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubc2d\uc774 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub300\ub959\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f4\ub838\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub3c4\uc2dc \ubcf5\uc74c\uc8fc\uc758 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 1970\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub97c \uc0ac\uc5ed\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc7a5\uc18c\ub85c \uc7ac\ubc1c\uacac\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uac15\uc694\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc720\ud615\uc758 \ub3c4\uc2dc \uc0ac\uc5ed\uc774 \uac1c\ubc1c\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uad50\ud68c\ub294 1980\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \uad6d\uc81c\uc801\uc778 \u201c\ub3c4\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucd94\uc9c4\u201d\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uad50\ud68c\ub294 1990\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \ub3d9\uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0 \uc9c4\ucd9c\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \ub3d9\uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74 \ubd80\ud765\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\uace0 \ubc29\uae00\ub77c\ub370\uc2dc\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uad6d\uac00\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd09\uc0ac\ud558\uba70, 2010\ub144 3\uc6d4 24\uc77c\uc5d0 193\uba85\uc758 \uc7a5\ub85c\uac00 \ub2e8\uc77c \ubd09\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc5ed\uc5d0 \uc131\uc784\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p> \uc5f0\ubbfc. \ucd08\uae30 \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc778\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\uadfc \uad6c\ud638\ub97c \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud558\uace0, \uace0\uc544\uc6d0, \ubbf8\ud63c \uc18c\ub140\uc640 \uc5ec\uc131\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ucd9c\uc0b0 \uc9d1\uc744 \uc124\ub9bd\ud558\uace0, \uc911\ub3c5\uc790\uc640 \ub178\uc219\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0ac\uc5ed\ud558\ub294 \ub3c4\uc2dc \uc120\uad50\ub97c \uc124\ub9bd\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ud558\ub098\ub2d8\uc758 \uc740\ud61c\ub97c \uc99d\uc5b8\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1920\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc0ac\uc5ed \uc6b0\uc120 \uc21c\uc704\ub294 \uc758\ud559\uc73c\ub85c \uc62e\uaca8\uc84c\uc73c\uba70, \uc911\uad6d\uacfc \uc5d0\uc2a4\uc640\ud2f0\ub2c8\uc5d0 \ubcd1\uc6d0\uc774 \uac74\uc124\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \ub098\uc911\uc5d0 \uc778\ub3c4\uc640 \ud30c\ud478\uc544 \ub274\uae30\ub2c8\uc5d0 \ubcd1\uc6d0\uc774 \uac74\uc124\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uc758\ub8cc \uc804\ubb38\uac00\ub294 \uc544\ud508 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \ub3cc\ubcf4\uace0, \uc218\uc220\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\uace0, \uac04\ud638\uc0ac\ub97c \ud6c8\ub828\ud558\uace0, \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uac00\ub09c\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4 \uc911 \uc77c\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \ubaa8\ubc14\uc77c \ud604\uc7a5 \ud074\ub9ac\ub2c9\uc744 \ud6c4\uc6d0\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uc758 \ub098\ubcd1 \ud074\ub9ac\ub2c9\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc804\ubb38 \ud074\ub9ac\ub2c9\uc774 \uc124\ub9bd\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1980\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uc790\ube44\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc0ac\uc5ed\uc758 \ucc3d\uc124\uc740 \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc774 \ud6c4\uc6d0, \uc7ac\ub09c \uad6c\ud638, \uc5d0\uc774\uc988 \uad50\uc721, \uace0\uc544 \uc9c0\uc6d0, \ubb3c \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8, \uc2dd\ub7c9 \ubc30\ud3ec\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc5ec \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \uc9c0\uc18d\ub418\ub294 \ub354 \ub113\uc740 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc0ac\uc5ed\uc744 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p> \uad50\uc721. \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uc8fc\uc77c\ud559\uad50\uc640 \uc131\uacbd \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 \ud56d\uc0c1 \ud68c\uc911 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc81c\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc591\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uad50\ud68c\ub294 1905\ub144\uc5d0 \uc124\ub9bd\ub41c \uce98\ucee4\ud0c0\uc758 \uc18c\ub140\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ud76c\ub9dd \ud559\uad50\uc758 \ucd08\uae30 \uc774\ud6c4 \uae30\ubcf8 \uad50\uc721\uacfc \ubb38\ub9f9 \ud1f4\uce58\uc5d0 \ud22c\uc790\ud574 \uc654\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \ud559\uad50\ub294 \uc804 \uc138\uacc4 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c, \uacbd\uc81c, \uc885\uad50 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc5d0 \ub354 \uc644\uc804\ud558\uac8c \ucc38\uc5ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uc900\ube44\uc2dc\ud0b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \ucd08\uae30 \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \ub300\ud559\uc5d0\ub294 20\uc138\uae30 \uc911\ubc18\uae4c\uc9c0 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc5f0\uacb0\ub41c \ucd08\ub4f1\ud559\uad50\uc640 \uace0\ub4f1\ud559\uad50\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \ucc3d\ub9bd\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uace0\ub4f1 \uad50\uc721\uc5d0 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \ud22c\uc790\ub97c \ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \ubaa9\uc0ac\uc640 \ub2e4\ub978 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \uc77c\uafbc\uc744 \ud6c8\ub828\ud558\uace0 \ud3c9\uc2e0\ub3c4\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc774\ub2e4\uace0 \ubbff\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uad6d\uc81c \uad50\uc721 \uc774\uc0ac\ud68c\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 6\uac1c \uae00\ub85c\ubc8c \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0 50\uac1c\uc758 \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uae30\uad00\uc744 \ub098\uc5f4\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. 14\uac1c\uc758 \uad50\uc591 \uae30\uad00, 7\uac1c\uc758 \ub300\ud559\uc6d0 \uc2e0\ud559\uad50 \ubc0f \uc2e0\ud559 \ub300\ud559, 18\uac1c\uc758 \ud559\ubd80 \uc2e0\ud559\uad50 \ubc0f \uc2e0\ud559 \ub300\ud559, 8\uac1c\uc758 \uc778\uc99d\uc11c \ubc0f \uc131\uacbd \ub300\ud559, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uad50\uc721\uacfc \uac04\ud638\ub97c \uc704\ud55c 3\uac1c\uc758 \uc804\ubb38 \uad50\uc721 \ud559\uad50\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p> \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uae00\ub85c\ubc8c \uc874\uc7ac\ub97c \uac00\uc9c4 \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uae00\ub85c\ubc8c \uc2e0\uc790 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub85c \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc9c0\ub0a8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc774\ub3d9\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6e8\uc2ac\ub9ac\uc548 \uc804\ud1b5\uc5d0 \uadfc\uac70\ub97c \ub454 \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\uc778, \uac70\ub8e9\ud558\uba70, \uc120\uad50\uc801\uc778 \ubc31\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \u201c\uc774\ubc29\uc778\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc81c\uc790\ub85c \uc0bc\uae30 \uc704\ud574\u201d\ub97c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0ac\uba85 \uc120\uc5b8\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"layout__region layout__region--right flex-1-1 flex-grow-0 xl-flex-1-5\"><div class=\"bg-color-F7F7F7 padding block__links-listing\" data-layout-content-preview-placeholder-label=\"\" nazarene=\"\" history=\"\" block=\"\"><h4 class=\"links-listing__title\"> <\/h4><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6e2fe elementor-hidden-widescreen elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5d6e2fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[],&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f0ae55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6f0ae55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \ud544\uc218<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-242fee2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"242fee2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13139cb elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13139cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc778\ub370, \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uc65c \uc6e8\uc2ac\ub9ac\uc548-\uc544\ub974\ubbf8\ub2c8\uc548 \uc804\ud1b5 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c 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